Prevalence of oral lichenoid reactions in a sample of Qazvin population [2004]

This was a cross-sectional study performed on 1000 subjects in 2004 to determine the prevalence of lichenoid reactions in a population of Qazvin in which 1% of subjects were found with lichenoid reactions. The most prevalent lesion was found to be reticular form and the most predisposed area of oral cavity for this lesion was buccal mucosa. None of them had any form of cutaneous lichen planus

Phospholipase C in Beijing strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Phospholipase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays an important role in pathogenesis through breaking up phospholipids and production of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined the Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Iranian patients for the genes encoding this enzyme. DNA extraction was performed using CTAB [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide] from positive culture specimens in tuberculosis patients. PCR was then used to amplify the plcA, plcB, plcC genes of Beijing strain, and non-Beijing strains were identified by spoligotyping. Of 200 specimens, 19 [9.5%] were Beijing strain and 181 [90.5%] were non-Beijing strains. The results of PCR for Beijing strains were as follows: 16 strains [84.2%] were positive for plcA, 17 [89.4%] were positive for plcB and 17 [89.4%] were positive for plcC genes. The standard strain [H37RV] was used as control. The majority of Beijing strains have phospholipase C genes which can contribute to their pathogenesis but we need complementary studies to confirm the role of phospholipase C in pathogenecity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Serum levels of ferritin, iron and total iron binding capacity in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most common oral disease yet despite its high prevalence, the etiological factor [s] of this ulcer is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ferritin, iron, and TIBC in patients with RAS. This case-control study was performed on 40 patients with RAS and 40 healthy people [control group]. They were screened through laboratory tests for the indices mentioned above. The data was analyzed by SPSS, chi-square and t-tests. Of 40 patients, 25.6% were found with ferritin deficiency compared to 7.5% of control group [p<0.05] however, no significant difference for other indices were observed. Low ferritin level in patients with RAS is suggesting a relation between RAS and ferritin deficiency

Evaluation of median rhomboid glossitis and oral Lichen planus in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one the most common endocrinopathies with many oral manifestations. Diabetic people form a large group of patients visited by dentists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the MRG and OLP in patients with diabetes types 1 and 2. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on a total of 428 patients including 148 cases with diabetes type 1, 124 with diabetes type 2 and 156 as control group in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2001-2002. The study population was selected according to the selection criteria followed by oral examinations and completion of a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware, chi square and Fisher's exact tests. The prevalence of MRG in patients with diabetes types 1 and 2 and in control group was 4.2%, 3.2% and 1.2%, respectively [P < 0.0]. Also, the prevalence of OLP among the two diabetic groups and the control group was 4.7%, 4%, and 2%, respectively [p > 0.0]. Based on our results, there was a statistically significant difference between MRG and diabetes but no such relationship between OLP and diabetes was established

Evaluation of unstimulated salivary flow rate and oral symptoms in menopausal women

The aim of the present study was to evaluate unstimulated salivary flow rate and oral symptoms in menopausal women. A total of 200 individuals including 100 women in their menopause [case group] and 100 men in the same age range [control group] participated in this analytic descriptive investigation. None of the patients were being treated for any systemic disease or taking any medication. Unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured using the spitting method and the prevalence of oral symptoms was evaluated by filling out a questionnaire. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, chi-square and Student's t-test [P<0.05]. The average of unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.127 ml/min [SD=0.057] in women and 0.214 ml/min [SD=0.105] in men. The prevalence of dry mouth was 50% versus 32%, difficulty in eating dry foods 31% versus 8%, burning sensation in oral mucosa 3% versus 0%, taste reduction, 4% versus 2% and bitter or metallic taste 16% versus 8% in female and male subjects, respectively. A significant difference in salivary flow rate and prevalence of oral symptoms was found between the two groups [P<0.05]. Reduced salivary flow rate and a high prevalence of oral symptoms in menopausal women may be related to the hormonal alterations that occur during this period

[Scleral buckling without retinopexy in primary retinal detachment]

Purpose: to determine the success rate of scleral buckling without retinopexy in patients with primary retinal detachment

Methods: in a before-after clinical trial, 24 patients who had primary retinal detachment with PVR grade A or B underwent scleral buckling surgery with encircling band without retinopexy

Results: sixteen [66.7%] patients were male and 8 [33.3%] were female. Mean age of the patients was 43.5 years [range, 22-73]. Seventeen [70.8%] were phakic and 7 [29.2%] were pseudophakic or aphakic. Anatomical success rate was 100% intraoperatively. However, within 1-14 weeks redetachment occurred in 11.8% of phakic and 43% of pseudophakic or aphakic eyes. Reattachment was achieved in 4 patients by SF6 injection and laser application. Overall, final success rate was 95.8%, but in phakic eyes, it was 100%. Only 1 pseudophakic eye required pars plana deep vitrectomy, endolaser, and SF6 injection. All cases who underwent reoperation had attached retina up to end of the study with mean follow up of 53 months

Conclusion: encircling scleral buckling surgery without retinopexy in phakic patients with primary retinal detachment and PVR grade A or B is safe with acceptable results but the results are guarded in pseudophakic or aphakic patients and needs more investigation

[Effect of direct current pulsation on maturation of mouse oocyte and development of fetus]

Introduction: In this study the immature mouse oocytes [Germinal Vesicles: GV], which were arrested in metaphase [MI], were activated with DC pulses and the effect of DC pulse frequency on immature oocyte activation and their subsequent in vitro development were studied

Material and Methods: Immature oocytes successfully passed the meiosis processes. That is, germinal vesicle stage of oocytes changed to germinal vesicle breakdown [GVB] and finally the first polar body extruded and reached metaphse II, [MII] and formation of 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell embryos. Immature Oocytes were separated from NMARY mice [4-6 week old] ovary in different phases. They were placed in M2 medium droplet and then activated with DC pluse [50V, 30micros]

Results: Immature oocytes [GV] began meiosis resumption and GVs changed to GVB and extruded first polarbody and some of them reached metaphase II. After 24 hours evaluation by inverted microscope was performed. Ovulated oocytes were inseminated with the capacitded epididymal sperm of the same strain of mice. One to four pulses with a duration of 30micros induced more oocyte activation [67% to 89%], maturation [68 to 77%] and embryo formation [44% to 84%]. Embryo formation increased significantly with more than two DC pulses [55-88%] compared with a frequency of less than two [51%] groups

Conclusion: This study revealed that electroactivation is helpful for in-vitro maturation, fertilization, embryo formation and development in female infertility, especially in those with irrgular secretion of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone [FSH, LH]

[Effect of human sperm chromatin anomalies on fertilization outcome post ICSI]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sperm chromatin anomalies on fertilization outcome post ICSI

Material and Methods: Therefore along with semen parameters, CMA3 staining for protamine deficiency, aniline blue staining for excessive histones, SDS for sperm chromatin stability and SDS+EDTA for ability of sperm to undergo decondensation were carried out on 55 semen samples from patients referring for ICSI to Isfahan fertility and infertility center

Result: The results showed that among the aforementioned tests and semen parameters, only CMA3 showed a significant correlation with fertilization outcome post ICSI. Patients were also grouped according to CMA3 level of <30% or >30 % or fertilization rate of <50%, or >50%. The results showed that the mean percentage fertilization and mean percentage of CMA3 positivity is different in both groups respectively. The area under ROC curve showed that CMA3 is a highly sensitive and specific test for prediction of fertilization outcome post ICSI

Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that sperm protamine deficiency has profound effect on fertilization failure in ICSI

[Effects of nonpulsatile GnRH agonist administration on ovaries of immature rats]

Introduction: Pulsatile injection of GnRH in hypothalamic amenorrhea is known to result in ovulation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of non pulsatile GnRH agonist administration on the ovaries of immature rats

Material and Methods: In this research the immature rats was divided to 7, 17 and 27 days and each were subdivided to four subgroups. Subcutaneous injection every 12 hours for 3 consecutivedays was carried out, and mature rats were used as a second control group. After spinal transetion, the ovaries were excised and processed for histolgical study using 5microm serial section

Results: The results were as follows, 1- In the 7 day rats high dose injection significantly decreased the number of vesicular follicles compared to control group. No significant difference was observed in the other groups with the same dosage. 2- In the 17 day rats high dose injection significantly increased the number of primary follicles but decreased the primary and secondary vesicular follicles. In contrast, the middle dose in comparison to high dose administration resulted in significant increase in the number of primary and secondary vesicular follicles, but not the primary follicles. Low dose administration in the same group, showed no significant change compared with the control group.3- In the 27 day group the high dose did not result in any change in the number of primary follicles and vesicular follicles, but decreased the number of secondary vesicular and graffian follicles, and the number of corpus luteums obviously increased, similar to middle dose administration. This was incontrast to high dose which the number of secondary vesicular and graffian follicles increased and the number of corpus luteum, as compared to former group also significantly increased. 4- Comparison between immature 27 day and 60 day mature rats showed decrease in the primary follicles and vesicular follicles while increase in the number of secondary and graffian follicles and corpus luteum, but the middle dose administration compared to mature rats showed almost a similar pattern

Conclusion: Finally it can be concluded that the non pulsatile administration can result in maturation of follicle and may be similar to the mature group. High dose stimulates the maturation of primary follicles but suppresses maturation of graffian follicles and low dose administration dose not have any effect on maturation of follicles